A rolling bearing market overview
According to authoritative estimates, the total demand of the global Rolling around $ 24 billion, of which 74% share of eight well-known enterprises in the world, Sweden SKF alone accounted for 16% one, the Japan Bearing enterprise (NSK, NTN and KOYO) occupy a 29% share of the German FAG, INA accounted for 16% of the United States TIMKEN TORRINGTON accounted for 13%. All eight bearing giant multinational companies with branches in many countries around the world, and (or) factory.
Second, international bearing market classification
Rolling market are classified according to different perspectives, such as geographical division, can be divided into the Asian market, the European market, the North American market; market product types can be divided into ball bearings, tapered roller bearings market, etc.; by industries as automotive bearing market, railway bearings market. Below by region, product type, industry and supply analysis of bearing market.
Bearing market. Geographical division
Global bearing market can be divided by region for the North American market, the markets in Europe, Asia and Oceania market, the Latin American market and other regional markets. The market demand of the various regions are shown in Table 1. In the North American market, the largest market, accounting for 25% of the world; market in Europe, the Western European market, accounting for 24% of the world; Western European countries, Germany, Italy, France, the largest demand market; largest in Asia, the Japanese market , accounting for 18%, followed by China, accounting for 16%. The various brands of bearings in the share of the regional market is not the same, the TIMKEN market share in the North American market, the share of the North American market, 27% TORRINGTON second, accounting for 19%, FAG third, accounting for 12%; in the Western European market, SKF First, the share of the market in Western Europe 42%, the FAG second, accounting for 20%; market in Asia, Oceania and Africa, Japan, bearing a share of 75%, far greater than other competitors.
Product Type divided bearing market
Bearing many different specifications, according to the shape of the rolling element, the number of columns and the direction of the force bearing divided into several types.
- Classified according to the shape of the rolling element, can be divided into ball bearings and roller bearings; roller bearings can be divided into cylindrical roller bearings, tapered roller bearings and self-aligning roller bearings.
- The number of columns of the rolling element classification, can be divided into single row ball bearings, double row ball bearings, roller bearings single row, double row and four roller bearings.
- At the direction of the force of the rolling element classification, can be divided into the deep groove ball bearings, thrust bearings and angular contact bearings.
We usually bearing the title of a combination of the above factors, the bearings are divided into deep groove ball bearings, self-aligning ball bearings, thrust ball bearings, angular contact ball bearings, tapered roller bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, spherical roller bearings , thrust roller bearings.
Global bearing market, by product type can be divided into market of deep groove ball bearings, tapered roller bearings the market market angular contact ball bearings, cylindrical roller bearings market, Spherical roller bearings market.
3. Bearing market by industries
Rolling widely used to transport tools, machinery processing equipment ... until the high-tech state-of-the-art technology from our day-to-day life of appliances where the place of the mechanical movement are inseparable from the support of the bearing. In order to accurately describe the host market image, easy to select the main direction of the development of enterprise products, bearings supporting the hosting industry to market segmentation.
3.1 motorcycle and automotive industry market
3.1.1 motorcycle bearing market
Global annual production of about about 30 million motorcycles, motorcycle bearing parts of the engine, axles, steering shaft, gear box, transmission and more than a dozen sites. Main bearing type small deep groove ball bearings and needle roller bearings.
3.1.2 automobile bearing market
The car mainly two categories of cars and commercial vehicles.
The cars bearing parts: 24 several parts of the engine, starter, generator, water pump, clutch, transmission, differential, front and rear wheel hub, steering, air conditioners, etc.. Bearing type small deep groove ball bearings, tapered roller bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, angular contact ball bearings and needle roller bearings. Sedan bearing market total of $ 8,000,000,000, matching the proportion of each type of bearing: deep groove ball bearing 27%, $ 2.16 billion, wheel bearing 24%, $ 1.94 billion, Tapered Roller Bearing 23.3%, $ 1.86 billion, needle roller bearings 15.2%, or $ 1.22 billion, 5% of the water pump bearing, $ 400,000,000, cylindrical roller bearings 5.3%, to $ 424 million.
The bearings used on commercial vehicles parts: water pump, transmission, drive shaft, generator, differential, front and rear wheel hub, steering system and about 30 parts. Bearing Type: Tapered roller bearings, deep groove ball bearings, needle roller bearings, and cylindrical roller bearings. "Auto and truck international" 1994 statistics, by the end of 1993, the world's cars, trucks and buses population of 609 million.
From 1970 to 1993, the average increase of the number of cars in Europe was 4.8%, which the United States was 2.6%, and 6.1% in other regions of the world. The basis of this increase is estimated that by 2000, the global car ownership will reach 958 million. 1994 the famous automotive suppliers ECHLIN company under "AAMA Motor Vehicle Facts And Figures" estimates, U.S. new car annual production and ownership ratio of 1:12, with the extension of the life of your car, this proportion will expanded.
3.2 railway bearing market
The railway bearing market refers to the railway locomotive bearing the market and the railway vehicles bearing market. Railway vehicles bearing market can be divided into the railway trucks bearing market and railway passenger car bearing market.
3.2.1 Railway locomotive bearing
Railway locomotive bearing cylindrical roller bearings, spherical roller bearings, angular contact ball bearings, deep groove ball bearings for hydraulic transmission box, hub and gearbox parts.
The locomotive bearing varieties more, but because of the smaller locomotive production, and therefore the market is also smaller.
3.2.2 rail vehicles
Railway vehicles are mainly divided into trucks and passenger vehicles, vehicles bearing wheel bearings, passenger cars bearing cylindrical roller bearings, the trucks bearing double row tapered roller bearings.
Railway vehicles bearing varieties, though small, but a large amount, and thus considerable market.
3.3 metallurgy bearing market
The world's annual steel production of about one billion tons. Metallurgical industry need supporting various types of rolling mill equipment, specifications bearing. Main focus on supporting the host bearing type self-aligning roller bearings, double row or four-row tapered roller bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, medium and large bearings.
Due to the poor working conditions of metallurgical bearing large load, high-temperature, short bearing life, the metallurgical industry bearing market is characterized by a large amount of maintenance.
3.4 mines bearing market
The mining industry has a myriad of mechanical, such as boring machines, excavators, bulldozers, hoist, crusher, transmission machinery, mining machinery, bearings supporting the many varieties and specifications, larger bearing size range, the technical performance of the bearing life requirements are higher, the The metallurgical bearing market has been favored the bearing enterprise.
The 3.5 machine tool bearings market
The machine tool industry has been one of the important basic industries in industrial countries, a huge number of various types of machine tools, in particular, need precision machine tools supporting all types of high-precision, high-performance bearings to ensure the accuracy of machining. Commonly referred to as the machine tool precision bearings, generally refers to a machine tool spindle bearings and precision transmission Vice. Machine tool bearings due to its high technological content and added value, the amount of bearing enterprise in China in urgent need of development occupying one of the market.
3.6 Other bearings market
In addition to the above professional bearing market, there are many, such as a computer, paper industry, agricultural machinery, electric motors, textile machinery, aerospace, petrochemicals, household appliances, office machinery, etc. can not be ignored key bearing market. Most hosts in these industries need to be supporting the technical performance of the bearing, the market demand for larger, bearing enterprise market.
Divided to supply bearings market
The supply can be divided into direct two kinds of the host matching supply and modes of supply of the commodity circulation channels, that is what we call the OEM market (before market) and after market. About 70% of the world's annual production of bearings before entering the market, 30% of the after market. Host supporting the market, transport vehicles supporting bearing accounts for about 30% of the market, and other types of hosts supporting bearing accounts for about 40% of the market.
Third, the market analysis
North American market.
Bearing demand in North America the country mainly refers to the United States and Canada. The United States is a world economic power, the world bearing demand big country, the United States has TIMKEN, TORRINGTON two of the world famous bearing company, the analysis of the North American market analysis of the U.S. market as the representative.
The 1.1 market demand situation
The United States is the world's largest bearing demand, its market share of the global total capacity of 1/4, although the United States has two world-renowned bearing company, as well as SKF, FAG, and other companies with factories in the United States, but still want to international market of imported bearings, the imported bearings proportion of total consumption is growing year by year, nearly 30% of the U.S. market is about 20 billion U.S. dollars.
U.S. consumer bearing industry is the automobile, metallurgy, mining, petrochemical, machine tools, railway vehicles and household appliances. U.S. market demand sort of product types: ball bearings, tapered roller bearings, cylindrical and spherical roller bearings and bearing components.
1.2 competitors situation
United States TIMKEN TORRINGTON two major bearing company, Timken roller bearings to produce a cone-based care Vinten mainly to the production of spherical roller bearings, a unique advantage by virtue of its host country, of course, occupy a major position in the market, Even SKF, FAG, NSK, NTN is also unable to struggle with.
China's exports to the U.S. bearing ball bearings, tapered roller bearings mainly after market bearing. China's exports to the United States, tapered roller bearings Timken accused of dumping, the bearing industry enterprises for 10 consecutive years of hard respondent, which won some enterprises, most enterprises tapered roller bearings in exports.
China Bearing competitors in the U.S. market is not only well-known local company, there are many world-renowned companies, the strength of our business and product quality is difficult to contend with, and has not been the first to market real contest waged. Bearing export enterprises in China should learn from the individual domestic enterprises in the United States, a joint venture set up factories in their own products directly to American OEMs supporting experience, consolidate and develop the market, while a positive pre-competitive market, so China bearing prospects in the U.S. market will win brilliant .
The 1.3 bearing exports to the U.S. situation
The United States is one of the the bearing major export markets in China. The 1998 bearings exported to the U.S. $ 141,180,000.
European market.
European markets accounted for 27% of the global bearing demand, up to $ 6.5 billion, is one of the world's three major bearing market. Large enterprises to participate in international bearing market competition must be the European market as a target market for research.
2.1 The market demand
Bearing market in Europe, Western Europe accounted for 90% of the needs of the European market as a whole, Eastern Europe accounted for 10%. According to statistics provided by the French bearing trading company to see Europe bearing the biggest demand in Germany, followed by Italy, France, the United Kingdom. Display, according to the survey on a bearing trading company in Italy, Italy's annual demand for bearings is about $ 1.1 billion (U.S. $ 1 = 1805 Italian lire), 40 - 45% of which 55-60% of the bearings to be imported for domestic production. Italy imported bearings 58.3% for cars, 16.7 percent for agricultural machinery, 13.3 percent for metallurgy, 11.7% for the railway.
2.2 competitors situation
Although the European market is large, but in Europe, however, has many bearing large companies, such as SKF, FAG, NSK-RHP, etc., these companies are the undisputed dominant position in Europe in the bearings market. These three companies accounted for 55% of the total demand of the European market as a whole, sales in the European market and the remaining 45% share of competition from European and other internationally renowned companies.
The URB (Romania), the ZKL (Czech Republic) and the GPZ (Russia) Bearing Company mainly occupy the lion's share of the domestic market and the Eastern European market.
The bearing plant competitors mainly from Japan, the United States, China and other countries outside the European mainland, such as Japan KOYO, NTN, NACHI, NMB, the United States TIMKEN, TORRINGTON, China's ZWZ, LYC, CW, SBC. Japan bearing a 8.5% share of the European market, the other bearing manufacturers in the European share of the unknown.
2.3 Chinese bearings exported to Europe
Europe is one of the the bearing major export markets in China. In 1992, China's exports to Europe bearing a total of 178.95 million units, accounting for 23.4% of total exports, worth $ 95,548,000, accounting for 22.2% of total exports. Chinese exports to Europe accounted for 1.6% of the market demand. Italy, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Spain is a major exporter of bearing. 1992 to 1997, bearing export volume of major European countries are listed in Table 9.
Exported to Europe, bearing an average unit price (the amount of export / export volume = average unit price) is only $ 0.53 from 1997 can be seen small ball bearing China bearing products export to Europe. China bearing yet to break into the European auto industry, controlled by SKF, FAG bearing market for metallurgical industry.
3, Asia and Oceania
Asia and Oceania bearing areas of greatest need in the world, accounting for 39% of the global bearing market demand. Japan consumption accounted for 46% of the Asia-Pacific region, 15 percent in China, the share of the remaining 39% by other countries and regions (India, Australia, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, South Korea, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, Vietnam North Korea, etc.) consumption.
3.1 The market demand
1998, the total demand of Asia and Oceania bearing market accounts for about 39% of the world amounted to $ 9.4 billion, of which Japan is about $ 4.3 billion, China is about $ 1.4 billion, the remaining $ 3.7 billion for the consumption of other countries in Asia and Oceania countries.
Bearing market is dominated by the automobile manufacturing industry, metallurgy and manufacturing, rail vehicles, shipbuilding industry, general machinery and office machinery, household appliances and other industries. Its bearing market is mainly occupied by the domestic bearing manufacturers, such as NSK, NTN, KOYO, Fujio, NMB, etc., these companies accounted for nearly 90% of the domestic market share.
Bearing market in China is mainly constituted by the agricultural industry, automobile manufacturing, household appliances industry, engineering machinery, small, medium and micro-motor industry, railway vehicles, machine tools, forging equipment, mining equipment, metallurgical equipment, etc.. The total market demand in 1998 was about 13 million units. When the domestic bearing more than 18 million units, about half of domestic supporting half of exports. Bearing sophisticated import about 3-4 million units, with the Department of nearly $ 200 million, including imports of low-noise small and medium-sized miniature bearings, accounting for more than 50%, remaining focused on the host (sedan, metallurgical equipment, power generation equipment, precision machine tools, etc. bearing) supporting or maintenance imports.
Indian bearings market demand in Asia except Japan and China, close to China, Four Little Dragons (South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand) and Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan is also an important bearing consumption or re-export market, with the improved economic situation and reform and opening up , Indonesia, Vietnam, Korea and other countries of the great market potential.
3.2 competitors situation
Markets in Asia and Oceania, Japan, China, South Korea and Taiwan enterprises bearing occupy a the bearing market position in Asia. Japan bearing the vast majority of its domestic market is occupied by the local bearing manufacturers in China, Southeast Asia as well as India, Japan bearing account for a relatively large market share.
At the same time, well-known companies such as SKF, FAG has been in strengthening the development of the Asian market. SKF SKF China Ltd. in Hong Kong, specifically responsible for the development of the Chinese market and sales network construction, SKF Group has established three joint ventures in Shanghai, China, South Side, and Wafangdian, the purpose is to enter the Chinese bearing market. FAG FAG China (Hong Kong) Co., Ltd. is established in Hong Kong, trying to OEM and distribution of business development in the Chinese market. FAG in November 1997, was established in Shanghai, China FAG Automotive Bearings (Shanghai) Company, aimed at the automotive industry services for the Asian region as a whole. Thus, SKF, FAG in offensive potential huge bearing market, also strengthen the development of the Asian market, in order to increase market share in Asia.
The URB, GPZ, ZKL bearings due to geopolitical issues and no brand image in Japan, China, there is no market to speak of, but in India, Pakistan, as well as new, horse, and Thailand have a certain market. Bearing of the three brands with lower prices and China bearing to seize market share, a larger impact on China bearing formation.
3.3 Chinese bearings exported to the Asian situation
Asian markets are China bearing the traditional export markets. 1997, China's exports of the Asia and Oceania region bearing 398.49 million units, worth $ 192,554,000, accounting for the bearing total exports and total 51.21% and 44.74%, respectively, of which exports to Japan, mainly by the Japanese-funded enterprises in China to completed. Table 10 reflects the 1997 China's export situation in major Asian countries and regions.
The average unit price can be seen from the table, China's exports are mainly small and medium-sized and miniature bearings main export volume accounts for our more than 89 percent of Asian exports, 75% of exports to seven countries and regions around the table .
4, the Latin American market
Despite the vast territory in Latin America, but due to the region's economy, especially industry is relatively backward, determine its bearing only 4% of the global market demand for less than $ 1 billion. Even if this 4% is constituted mainly by Brazil, Argentina market. Therefore, the analysis of the Latin American market, mainly to Brazil and Argentina.
4.1 The market demand
Bearing market in Latin America, mainly to Brazil, Argentina, mainly automotive bearings, Bearing Agricultural Bearings and mining equipment. Brazil accounted for nearly 50% of the market demand in Latin America, accounting for 30% in Argentina.
Few local bearing factories in Latin America, and the small-scale, well-known companies in the world use more overseas production due to high tariffs on Latin America's imports, to enter the market. To FAG example, its automotive bearings manufacturer in Brazil, to supply the entire South America.
Latin American economic doldrums and the backwardness of the industrial base, the bearing market demand in Latin America growth to be lower than the average growth rate of the global bearing market demand.
4.2 competitors situation
The competition is a major bearing on the market in Latin America competing for outsiders. Because of its small market share, and are concentrated in Brazil, Argentina, the competitive situation, unlike in Europe, North America and Asia as fierce. FAG company occupies more than 22% share of the South American market, SKF Group in the Latin American market also occupy a lot of share. Another Japanese bearings, TIMKEN bearings automotive bearings in Latin America, home appliances bearings, agricultural machinery bearings also occupy a lot of share. China bearings, URB, GPZ, ZKL bearings are latecomers on the Latin American market.
4.3 bearings exported to Latin America, the situation in China
China's bearing industry late Latin America bearing market development, mainly because the location is not convenient, its not very optimistic about the market background. Beginning in 1992, Latin America, Cuba, Brazil, Argentina became the first 20 of the Chinese export market, but the share of the total export ratio has been hovering around 4%. In 1997, China's exports to Latin America, 19.05 million sets of bearings, earning $ 14,165,000, respectively, accounting for 2.45% and 3.29% of the total exports and total. Which Brazil exported 10.77 million units, worth $ 6.83 million, 4.83 million sets of Argentine exports, worth $ 4.11 million between the two countries and exported to Latin America, 81.89% and 77.23%.
5, the Middle East and other regional markets
The Middle East and other regions, including the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Syria and other countries and the African continent. Middle East oil as the main source of income, other industry is relatively backward; continent industry almost "desert", only South Africa is more developed. Gulf countries in the Middle East and all countries of the African continent, bearing only 2% of the world demand, nearly $ 500 million.
5.1 Middle East, Africa bearing market demand
Market demand in this region have been described in the previous, less than $ 500 million, including Saudi Arabia, Iran, South Africa and the Middle East is the largest consumer country.
Middle East oil-bearing demand mainly South Africa mainly to mining bearings. Does not exceed the average growth rate of global demand growth forecast in the region bearing.
5.2 competitors situation
These areas are mainly occupied by SKF, FAG, and Japan bearing, bearing local scale production enterprise. In recent years, Africa, China Bearing URB GPZ ZKL bearing demand growth, began to compete for market share with Japan, SKF, FAG, mainly agricultural machinery bearings, automotive bearings (after market), and mine bearing, Middle East oil bearing market, China bearing more difficult to enter.
5.3 Chinese bearings exported to the Middle East, Africa
China has not been to the African market as a major market. Development since 1995, as a re-export market in the Middle East and Africa, UAE is very good, its exports in 1995 of $ 4.56 million, $ 4.44 million in exports in 1996, soared to $ 8.48 million in 1997. In recent years, China's direct exports to Iran, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Egypt, Nigeria, South Africa, gradually began to rise, coupled with China bearing marketable in Africa, the market prospects.
Fourth, the choice of target market
Standards, target market selection
1.1 products: marketable
Bearing varieties of products, a wide range of uses. Market demand for the brand, quality and price are not the same. Therefore, it must be combined with the status quo of China's bearing products to select target market.
The so-called "marketable" to include the following conditions:
(1) Chinese bearing demand in the market;
(2) there is a desire to buy the market for Chinese bearing demand;
(3) a desire to buy the customer can accept the quality and price of Chinese bearing.
1.2 Country: advanced industrial
The bearings are the basic parts for industrial equipment. If the industrially developed countries, the overall economic strength and strong purchasing power. The machinery industry is bearing products useless.
1.3 Economic: development of faster or developed
Only rapid economic development of the country, it has the potential and future market development. Economically developed countries need bearings.
1.4 industry: market demand
Bearing a greater demand for the industry has been the main market of the bearing.
1.5 development: market potential
To select a market point of view of development, focusing on the potential of the market, particularly for developing countries have a long-term development goals, to make China Bearing with.
1.6 effective: the development of the "three high" products market
Enterprise development to benefit as the center, "three high" products exports will bring good economic returns, to focus on the development of high-tech, high-tech and high value-added products. Focus on market development of the "three high" products, not only in line with the direction of the development of enterprises, and also in line with the requirements of the national science and technology and trade "strategy.
1.7 Politics: friendly relations, the situation is stable
The trend of world peace and development ", and therefore should choose the friendly relations with China (or at least is no match for the pair), the political situation is stable, stable situation in the region countries and regions, the international trade.
2. Export target market selection
In view of the Chinese bearing industry and the status quo of China bearing product quality as well as bearing status in the international market, combined with Chinese bearing industry development plan, based on the selection criteria for the target market, bearing the export should be selected as the target market:
1) the development of the geographic market should focus on the United States and Europe. These two regions bearing the greatest demand, the highest industrial level, stable economic development, manufacturing and agricultural production is facing cost pressures increased, expectations of product quality bearings in China to catch up with Japanese bearings. Therefore, the development of the market in the United States and Europe should increase, as a long-term strategic target market for the export of China's bearing.
2) industry market should be aimed at the host and maintenance of two of the automotive market. China's bearing industry not only to provide for the development of China's auto industry with reliable quality, state-of-the-art structure, the price competitiveness of the bearing - will accelerate China's accession to the WTO, foreign auto industry trends to be spotted with the Chinese automotive manufacturing industry grafting and increase the development of China's auto consumption market is bound to rely on Chinese bearings provide support and maintenance services to the pursuit of the lowest cost and maximize profit. Select the automotive manufacturing industry bearing market as bearing export target markets in China, in line with the needs of the industrial development planning, and also China's bearing industry is necessary to meet the WTO challenges.
3) Select the ball bearings and tapered roller bearings as a target market, target products. The two types of bearings use the largest application areas most widely used, but also China's bearing industry for the fastest development, the quality is the most easy to raise, easy to optimize the structure of varieties, China for several years to export to the international market, the largest of these two types of bearings. These two types of products as the target product to be focusing on the development, in line with the development of China's bearing industry status and practical needs of international market development.
4) supplier to the circulation as a foundation for development, and actively seek to host supporting supply. Bearing exports to enter the market in China's major supplier through intermediate traders, mainly determined by our status and insufficient development of the market. Supporting former market development host requires bearings export enterprises in China must provide excellent products and technology, after-sales, liability insurance and other related support services. Rely on corporate advantage to consolidate and develop the middlemen export channels based on and actively develop the host supporting large project, in order to seek their own products to maximize profit, promote the optimization of product structure and the improvement of the quality grades.
